How to Write Management Essay Full Guide

How to Write Management Essay Full Guide Need advice on how to cope with your management essay? There is a common misconception that management skills are important only for leaders. That is not true. Everyone needs to have a good understanding of the essential management concepts such as planning, coordinating, and organizing that very important for all employees in any organization. So you have to master your knowledge and skills in management if you want to have a successful career after your graduation. Reading books is not enough and you will need a lot of practice to master the key concepts in management. Management essay is a common assignment that is used to test how students can apply their skills to solve different management issues and demonstrate their critical thinking. Keep reading to learn how to write an awesome management essay and impress your instructor. What Is a Management Essay? Actually, your management essay doesn’t differ much from other academic papers. Its primary goal is to assess students’ knowledge of particular topics and their analytical skills. But it’s a creative task as well. Besides, you have to demonstrate your ability to apply your theoretical knowledge to practice and that’s why management essay differs from other academic assignments that are mostly aimed to evaluate knowledge of theoretical concepts. It’s not enough to use bookish terms to explain some ideas and provide a bunch of stats if you want to succeed. You should provide an in-depth analysis of your topic, for example, conflict management or management of human resources, and explain how the concepts you discuss in your paper can be used to provide some real-life outcomes. You should highlight your abilities to act in real life situations in a business environment and demonstrate your own style of thought and essay writing. Now let’s discuss how to choose a good topic for an impressive essay on management. How to Choose a Great Topic for an Essay in Management Typically topics or prompts for writing college essays are given by the instructors and that makes things much easier because you will not need to spend a lot of time on doing research and brainstorming your essay topic ideas. But if you have to choose a topic for writing your essay on your own, you might feel at a loss. Here are some aspects you should consider when deciding what topic to pick. First, you should think about some management issues you are interested in. In this case, you will enjoy doing research and writing and are more likely to sound more convincing and impress your audience. Just make sure you write about practical, actionable business questions like management challenges in the 21st century or the big issues facing HR management etc. You can use another approach and write about some relatively new and unexplored concepts. In this case, your management essay will be interesting to read and it won’t sound dull. For example, you can write about issues facing business management today like making connections, talent management, employee appreciation, and their career development. Besides, you should do a research and make sure that your topic is broad enough and you will be able to find a lot of sources on it. At the same time, you should narrow your management essay topic to make it manageable within the word count of your essay. Lack interesting ideas for your management writing project? Have a look at our short list of impressive management essay topics and feel free to use them for creating your own college papers. Strategic Management in the Automobile Industry; Impact of Culture Revolution on Recruitment and Selection; The Role of the Project Manager in Achieving Client Satisfaction; The Importance of Good Leadership for a Business; Human Resources: Steps to Building an Effective Team; Building an Effective Talent Management Strategy; Tactics to Improve Employee Development Programs; Leadership Skills Assessment; Components of an Effective Information Management Strategy; Ways to Maximize Employees’ Competencies and Performance. Before You Start Writing Your Essay: Research Ideas from Our Writers When you have chosen a good topic you are interested in, you should do research using primary and secondary relevant sources. You should avoid Wikipedia because it’s not an academic source although you can use it when starting a research stage to get a general idea of the topic. You are likely to work with 4 types of sources: books which place the subject of your essay in a broad context; texts that focus on a specific aspect of the subject; relevant articles in academic journals; articles in the business press and financial magazines. You can look for sources online and take books from your college library. While reading, you may want to take some preliminary notes about the key ideas, interpretations, and arguments that you may use for developing your own argument, paraphrasing or direct citing. Here are some practical tips on how to organize a  Ã‚   process better and be more productive: Use abbreviations and headings. It will save you a lot of time when sorting your notes because you will not need to reread very long and elaborate sentences; Use uncluttered notes to speed the process of writing. Start taking notes for every article or book on a separate sheet of paper and write only on one side leaving additional margins for afterthoughts; When you start a new text, jot down information about the author and the title on the top of the page and write the number of a page in the margins. You will be able to use this information when writing your Reference page. Organization of a Strong Management Essay When you have done the research and completed taking notes, you need to think about how to organize your essay. Now it’s time to make a good outline that will allow you to stay relevant and interpret the set question properly. Your essay should demonstrate a clearly expressed and coherent thought. The typical management essay structure includes an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. Introduction You can start your essay with some attention grabber: an interesting quote; a provocative question; some statistics; an anecdote etc. A good technique for starting your management essay is to provide an answer to your question directly from the beginning. It will show your readers that you have understood the question and will provide an answer to it. An introduction should also include a strong thesis statement that will help you stay focused on your subject and guide your writing. Besides, you can explain the structure of your paper, why you include particular evidence, and how it can help you support your argument. Body The number of body paragraphs should correspond to the number of logical arguments. You should start your body paragraphs with a topic sentence, and then provide supporting arguments and relevant evidence that proves your ideas. Topic sentences at the beginning of the paragraphs will help your instructor to skim the paragraphs without the need to read every sentence in your essay and the entire essay. Your last sentence in a paragraph will function as a transition that connects the paragraph with the next one. Make sure you use different transitional words and phrases, for example: furthermore moreover last finally next in addition to clarify in other words that is to say consequently for the reason in order that to summarize etc. Don’t jump from one argument to the other. Make sure that each new argument follows the logic of the preceding paragraph. Here your outline will help a lot so you should try to make it as detailed as you can before you start writing. You will not be penalized for reaching a conclusion that your professor personally disagrees if your argument is logical and sound. But you will be penalized if your conclusion is not supported by the evidence you have presented in your essay or if the necessary evidence was omitted. You need to be convincing so you have to present an informed argument. All your major arguments and claims need to be supported by the evidence on which they are based. Wondering how much evidence you need to support each point? Typically, 1 or 2 convincing examples will do but sometimes you may need a more detailed explanation. Conclusion It is actually a short summary of your management essay where you have to restate your thesis statement. The main goal of a concluding paragraph is to make sure you have given the answers to all questions that were asked in the introductory paragraph. You don’t have to provide a lot of details here and should try to be concise. If your essay is not long, all the information is fresh in your reader’s mind and there is no need to repeat it again. But if your essay is lengthy, you can sum up the major points that you have analyzed in your conclusion. When writing your management essay, you need to take care of the neat sentence construction and proper grammar because they are the key components of clarity. Besides, you should avoid slang, jargon, and clichà ©s that are usually penalized. Don’t write too much and don’t exceed the specific word limit. Remember that the length of an essay and its quality are not the same. If your essay is too long, it may just indicate that you failed to master the research material and choose everything that is relevant to the subject of your essay. Revise Your Draft and Make Improvements When you have finished writing your first draft, you will need to revise it more than once. You need to reread your essay and make sure it is organized logically and written clearly and concisely. You have to check the logic and the flow and eliminate wordiness by omitting unnecessary words and sentences. For example, check your introduction and make it shorter. Just read your management essay again and think if you can say the same things in fewer words or in shorter sentences. Make sure there are transitions between your paragraphs. It’s important that your writing style should be powerful to make your arguments more persuasive. When you are satisfied with the content of your management essay, you need to edit and proofread it and make your good essay great. Here is what you need to do: improve word choice; correct grammar and spelling mistakes; check punctuation, for example, the use of commas. When you finish editing, you have to put your management essay aside for some time and re-read it later. Here your goal is to do a final check and fix small grammar and spelling mistakes and typos that may have overlooked when writing and revising your management essay. You can use online spell checkers as well. Your next step should be to find a second set of eyes to proofread your essay and ensure that there are no minor mistakes or typos that you may have overlooked. You can your friend or a member of your family to help you with proofreading. Referencing Sources To avoid plagiarism, you have to reference all sources that you have used for writing your management essay when directly citing or paraphrasing them. There are lots of academic styles such as MLA, APA, Harvard, Chicago, and more. When making references, you should follow the guidelines provided by your professor. You should carefully study the instruction to make sure that will be able to meet your instructor’s expectations. If your professor hasn’t specified the preferable formatting style, you can use MLA style. You can find a good MLA style guide on the website of Purdue University. As you see, writing an impressive management essay is not very hard but it is time-consuming. Such essays are important for your GPA and successful career after college so you should work hard and we hope that this management essay writing guide will be useful for you and will help you cope with this typical college assignment.

African-American History from 1950 to 1959

African-American History from 1950 to 1959 From the Brown vs. Board of Education decision to the murder of Emmitt Till and the dawn of the Civil Rights movement, these are the pivotal historical events in African-American history that occurred in the decade spanning 1950 through 1959. 1950 Ralph Bunche wins the Nobel Peace Prize for his ability to mediate the Arab-Israeli conflict in the Middle East.Gwendolyn Brooks receives the Pulitzer Prize in poetry. She is the first African-American to receive such a distinction.Chuck Cooper, Nathaniel Clifton, and Earl Lloyd become the first African-Americans to play for the National Basketball Association.Juanita Hall becomes the first African-American to win a Tony Award for her portrayal of Bloody Mary in South Pacific. 1951 Racial segregation in Washington D.C. restaurants is declared unconstitutional by the U.S. Supreme Court.An estimated 3500 whites try to keep an African-American family from moving into an apartment building in Cicero. As a result, Illinois Governor Adlai Stevenson calls the state’s national guard to protect the family.Florida NAACP official Harry T. Moore is killed by a bomb.Johnson Publishing Company prints its first issue of Jet. 1952 For the first time in more than 70 years, the Tuskegee Institute finds that there are no lynchings reported in the United States.Writer Ralph Ellison publishes Invisible Man. 1953 In June, African-American residents of Baton Rouge establish a boycott of the city’s segregated transportation system.James Baldwin publishes his first novel, Go Tell It On The Mountain. Willie Thrower joins the Chicago Bears and becomes the first African-American quarterback in the National Football League (NFL). 1954 The U.S. Supreme Court declares segregation in public schools unconstitutional in the Brown v. Board of Education case.Benjamin Oliver Davis Jr. is the first African-American to be appointed as an Air Force general after serving in the Korean War.Malcolm X becomes Minister of the Nation of Islam’s Temple No. 7 in New York City.  Frankie Muse Freeman becomes the first African-American woman to win a major civil rights case after serving as the lead attorney for the NAACP in the Davis et al. v. the St. Louis Housing Authority case. The ruling ended racial discrimination in public housing in St. Louis. 1955 While visiting family in Money, Miss., 14-year-old Chicagoan Emmett Till  is killed by white men.Rock n roll artist Chuck Berry records the hit song Maybellene with Chess Records.Rosa Parks is arrested after refusing to give up her seat on a Montgomery Bus to a white patron.Marian Anderson is the first African-American to perform with the Metropolitan Opera.Martin Luther King Jr. is elected president of the Montgomery Improvement Association. The organization leads a year-long boycott against Montgomery’s segregated transportation system. 1956 Nat King Cole becomes the first African-American to host a primetime show on national television.Harry Belafonte’s album Calypso is the first record to sell more than one million copies.The U.S. Supreme Court’s ruling in the Gayle v. Browder case declares it is unconstitutional to segregate transportation on intrastate travel. This ruling supports those participating in the Montgomery Bus Boycott. 1957 Congress establishes the Civil Rights Act of 1957. This is the first legislative act protecting the rights of African-Americans since the Reconstruction period by establishing the Civil Rights section of the Justice Department. Federal prosecutors are now able to get court injunctions against those who interfere with the right to vote. Under this act, the Federal Civil Rights Commission is also established.Dorothy Irene Height is elected president of the National Council of Negro Women. Height holds this position for 41 years.Federal troops are sent to Little Rock, Ark by Dwight Eisenhower to enforce the desegregation of Central High School. The troops are also instructed to protect nine African-American students who are enrolled in the school and remain for the entire academic year.The Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights (ACMHR) was established in Birmingham.Perry H. Young becomes the first African-American pilot of a commercial passenger airline. 1958 The Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) is established in Atlanta. King is appointed as the organization’s first president.The Alvin Ailey Dance Theater is founded in New York City.Louis E. Lomax is hired by WNTA-TV in New York City. Lomax is the first African-American newscaster for a major network station.Althea Gibson is the first African-American woman to win the U.S. Open Championship. 1959 Motown Records is formed by Berry Gordy Jr. in Detroit.Jazz trumpeter Miles Davis records  Kind of Blue.  The work is considered Davis masterpiece.  A Raisin in the Sun, a play written by Lorraine Hansberry opens on Broadway. The play is the first to be produced by an African-American woman on Broadway.Three days before he is scheduled to stand trial for raping a pregnant white woman, Mack Charles Parker is beaten by a mob in his jail cell. Parker is lynched near Poplarville, Miss.

A Quit Smoking Education Program For Parents Assignment

A Quit Smoking Education Program For Parents - Assignment Example Instead, what works for one may not work for another user, and vice versa. Nonetheless, certain key factors (a ‘best-practice’ process) assist most people to quit: the user should make the decision to quit; set a quit date; prepare on how to react to quitting obstacles; getting support family, friends or even successful quitters; if necessary, get medication; and finally stay quit by finding ways to deal with relapse and sustaining the quit status (Stead et al., 2008). In order to generate a cost-effective delivery model, and eventually succeed in implementing an improved curriculum, a healthy canteen, a staff exercises group and a school vegetable garden. For an improved curriculum, a number of decisions and planning steps need to be followed when preparing each aspect. The instructors should equip themselves for the challenge, without continuous training ensured to equip them with the necessary skills; both in helping the users opting out of smoking as well as those in need for advice against the practice. Once the course has been developed, assessment instruments should also be generated in form of checklists, objective tests, or rubrics (Jarvis & Wardle, 1999). However, for the medical attention that might be required by the smokers battling with relapse, the medical staff should ensure availability, sustainability, and continuity. As such, patients can benefit from ‘walk-in’ sessions, appointment and patient-follow-up system, and availability regardless of pharmacist workload. Jarvis, M, & Wardle, J. (1999). Social patterning of individual health behaviors: the case of cigarette smoking. In Marmot M, Wilkinson R, editors Social determinants of health. Oxford: Oxford University  Press.

Tacit Knowledge for the Training of pre-service Industrial Design and Dissertation

Tacit Knowledge for the Training of pre-service Industrial Design and Technology Teachers in Australia - Dissertation Example From the research it can be comprehended that a lot has been heard and talked about tacit knowledge in the field of teaching and teacher training. According to Chandra and Chalmers, the knowledge contains certain tacit aspects that cannot be codified but are only transmitted through personal experience or training. Tacit knowledge is defined by Shulman as the knowledge that cannot be transferred to other using words either written or verbalised. As such, tacit knowledge has been recognised in the literature of teacher training only one aspect – who possesses this knowledge – rather than focusing on other aspects and taking it a step further on how this knowledge can be passed down or diffused within the pre-service training period. Various educational theories have cited tacit knowledge as the sole means of learning to teach but this has been a topic of debate and controversy throughout the history. Ma debating on one of the educational theories stated that the traditio nal epistemology is about teaching which include the concepts of objectivist, behaviourist, and positivist. Even though, as stated by Ball, that each of these concepts visualise a different teaching method, the concepts centre on the idea of delivering the content from a tacit point-of-view. In other words, the traditional teaching epistemology focuses on articulating the tacit knowledge rather than to prompt the pre-service teachers to respond or act in a particular manner. (Ball, 2000, p.244). Over the past few years, attention to research on teacher training and education has shifted away from behaviours or skills teaching to the knowledge and beliefs of the teachers i.e. the tacit knowledge (Lampert, 2001, p.127). This shift occurred because of dissatisfied teachers that deliver the teaching contents in a mechanistic manner. In order to understand this behaviour, investigations were carried out in classroom settings that focused around the knowledge and beliefs of the teachers ( Chick, 2002, p.180). Recently, the interest in the training of pre-service teachers has increased because of the concept and utilisation of knowledge. Although researchers take different approaches in their researches and purposes, knowledge is broadly defined as tacit knowledge that teachers learn with respect to their teaching experiences (Sullivan and McDonough, 2002, p.250). Tacit knowledge, for many researchers, implies the presence of complex and context specific teaching nature that can contribute to the enhancement of teachers teaching status as a profession (Chick, 2002, p.187). This tacit knowledge has been explained by many researchers, but was introduced and elaborated by Shulman using the concept of pedagogical content knowledge (Chandra and Chalmers, 2008, p.25). The concept explains tacit knowledge as the interpretations and transformations of subject matter in context that can facilitate student learning (Chandra and Chalmers, 2008, p.26). Teachers who are preparing to teach in secondary schools that often struggle in subjects such as science particularly industrial design and technology. They need to take sufficient courses to meet the degree requirements and learn enough about the subject to be able to teach in schools. However, the training of pre-service industrial design and technology teachers often falls short of preparing the new teachers with the necessary skills and knowledge (Shulman, 1986, p.11). As argued by Ma (1999, p.26), the curriculum changes in the schools particularly in the industrial design and technology subject area, teachers are not being adequately training. The reform in the curriculum requires that teachers need to be trained to be able to provide quality education to all students (Ball, 2000, p.243). However, the exact contents of the subject have been subjected to controversy as when, what, where and how can it be acquired by the teachers. One research suggests that in order to underst

The Kings Great Matter Essay Example for Free

The Kings Great Matter Essay The Spanish-English marriage alliance of Catherine of Aragon and Prince Arthur was arranged when the children were very young. Catherine traveled to England only to face tragedy when her young husband, Arthur died in 1502. Henry VII wanted to marry Catherine to his younger son, who would be, Henry VIII so that he did not lose the dowry money from Catherines parents and to secure some other agreements between the two countries. In the Catholic Church, it was forbidden to marry the wife of a deceased brother. A papal dispensation was required for the marriage. It was easily obtained from Pope Julius II. Henry VII died before the marriage took place but Henry VIII immediately married Catherine once he became King. Many people involved questioned the validity of this dispensation. Catherines mother, Isabella did not like the idea of her daughter being remarried and requiring a document from the Pope to have it done. But, once Henry VII died and Henry VIII proceeded with the marriage, no one mentioned the dispensation or the validity of it until Henry decided that he needed a grounds for divorce. Under the circumstances of Henry not wanting to be with his wife anymore, he proposed many doctrines that had been insignificant until then. Henry and Catherine actually had a fairly good marriage. The biggest problem in the marriage was lack of ability to produce a male heir. This was very important to Henry. They tried several times but were not successful. The couple did have one child that lived but, it was a girl named Mary. After many miscarriages and years of disappointment, Catherine began to get much older and lose much of her attractiveness. Henry not only began to lose interest in his wife, but he also began to worry about not having a son to succeed him on the throne. This was when the Kings great matter began. Throughout this time period, Cardinal Wolsey, an advisor to Henry and very powerful in the Catholic Church, moved closer and closer to Henry. As the relationship progressed Henry became more distant to Catherine. Wolsey spied on Catherine and she thought he acted against her always. She began to believe that Wolsey had always hated her and possibly that she had always hated him also. She held him responsible for the promotion of Henrys bastard son, for tempting the King of France to break the word agreed at Madrid and plunging Europe into war, for ruining the alliance between the two countries, and for seducing the pope and the Italian states. She also held Wolsey responsible for Henrys irritability. It isnt surprising that Catherine also blamed Wolsey for Henry wanting to divorce her. But, Catherine was not the only one with this idea. The ambassador, the emperor, Reginald Pole, Catholic controversialists, and Catholic writers ever since have agreed that Wolsey was probably the instigator. Catherines thought that Wolsey had put the ideas of divorce into Henrys head was very reasonable. She believed that Wolsey thought this was the best way to safeguard his pro-French policy by removing Catherine and replacing her with a French princess. Wolsey was serious about his French alliance and did hope to arrange a French marriage. He also feared Catherine. He knew that he needed to get rid of her so that he get closer to the king and help him handle his affairs. Most of the time, Cardinal Wolsey was looking out to better himself and his policies. Catherine was wrong about a few things though. She did not blame Henry for any of this. She felt he had been manipulated and took up for him every chance she had. She was wrong about Henry. He was not the innocent person she thought he was. Protestant writers have told the story according to Henry, that his conscience had separated him from Catherine. But, still many have said that it was simply out of desire for another woman. Henrys want for a divorce from Catherine of Aragon has also been attributed to his health. During the years 1527 -28, it was obvious that his health was on the decline. In 1524, he suffered from a head injury while jousting with the Duke of Suffolk. This injury is said to have caused him many severe headaches and possibly an alteration in behavior and character. His character began to change slowly after this. He went from a happy leader, fairly good husband and interested in his people to an irritable, suspicious, and selfish king. In the same year he also suffered from an ulcer in his leg which contributed to his irritability and impatience. Someone told Henry that he had been living in sin with his brothers wife. The name of who told him this was never released. Henrys arguments of his marriage to Catherine being invalid consisted of two sections. The first section argued that the union of a man and the wife of his brother was contrary to the law of God and that any papal dispensation pretending to allow it was worthless. The second section argued that the particular dispensation granted by Pope Julius II, which he had married Catherine under, was invalid. His first argument contained several parts. The first part was two texts in Leviticus. Leviticus 18:16 reads ‘Thou shall not uncover the nakedness of thy brothers wife: it is thy brothers nakedness and Leviticus 20:21 reads ‘If a man shall take his brothers wife, it is an impurity: he hath uncovered his brothers nakedness; they shall be childless. Henry and his advisors could not just use these scriptures. They advisors had to prove that they were true under all circumstances and were out of reach of all papal authority. However, the texts from Leviticus that Henry used were contradicted by a text from Deuteronomy. This text read: ‘When brethren dwell together, and one of them dieth without children, the wife of the deceased shall not marry to another, but his brother shall take her, and raise up seed for his brother. In order for Henrys arguments to succeed he had to somehow get rid of this text from Deuteronomy. It was attacked in many ways. Some argued that the text from Deuteronomy was a ceremonial or respective interpretation of the law that was allowed to the Jews but, like circumcision, was dissolved by the coming of Christ. Others argued that this text was only permissible under certain rare conditions, none of which was present in Henrys case. Henry, Wolsey, and a few other advisors had been meeting privately to discuss how the proceedings of the divorce should take place. These secret meetings were how the whole process came to be known as the kings great matter. The plan was not to involve Rome at all. Cardinal Wolsey and Warham were going to hold a secret court in England. They were going to call Henry in, charging him with living in sin with his dead brothers wife. Henry would plead guilty and the private court would then sentence him and the marriage to nullity. But, they ran into a problem. Catherine found out what the plan was. Her nephew was Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. He had much power in Rome and over the papacy. She wrote letters and sent them to Charles for help. In her letters, she told him the entire story and appealed the case of the divorce to Rome. In 1527, Wolsey was in a hurry to get to France. He was trying to beat Catherines letters to Charles for help. He knew that if Charles heard the story he would threaten Pope Clement VII so that he would not dare dissolve the marriage. However, Wolsey did have an alternative plan. It is a good thing he did because he did not beat her letters to Charles. In June 1527, Charles troops attacked Rome and put the Pope up as prisoner. Wolsey went to France and signed the Treaty of Amiens. This protested that no action of the Pope would be valid while he was under duress and proposed that Wolsey, himself, preside over the cardinals in this time of trouble. Wolsey was afraid that Charles would provoke the Pope to do something while under imprisonment. Wolseys next plan was to make comments to Henrys ambassador with Charles that there was a rumor going around in England about the divorce between the king and queen and that there was some questions from the French concerning the validity of marriage and the papal dispensation for the marriage. He also said that the queen had heard of the rumors and was very upset. He did to place doubts in Charles mind about what Catherine had told him. Henry and his most trusted advisor, Cardinal Wolsey, began to fall away from each other a bit. Henry wanted to marry Anne Boleyn. She hated Wolsey and he did not want them married because he wanted Henry to marry a French princess to benefit himself. They began going separate ways in trying to achieve this divorce. While Wolsey tried to make peace in France and to organize a way to rescue the pope from Charles power, Henry went behind his back and had a document drawn up by his secretary, William Knight, that would manipulate the pope. Henry was going to take the document to the Pope himself to get him to sign it. He thought that the pope would appreciate a more personal approach. The pope did have a history of giving people divorces, so Henry really did not think he would have a problem either. He probably would not have had if it was not for Charles V. Henrys sister, the Queen of Scotland, had no problem getting a divorce from the pope after she had been having an affair with a married man. Henry IV of Castile was allowed by the pope to take another wife to bear him children because his first wife could not. In 1498, Pope Alexander VI allowed the King of France to have a divorce so that he could marry the ruler of Brittany. Both of Henrys sister Marys husbands had received divorces from the pope. The document that Henry had written by his secretary contained many ideas that the Pope would agree with but in-between-the-lines he added the dissolution of the marriage between him and Catherine. Wolsey found out about Henrys ideas but did not do anything because he knew that the papacy would not fall for it. Wolsey wanted to get a Decretal Commission signed. This document would say that if he proved certain things concerning the marital dispensation then he could declare the marriage null and void. This case contained four things. The first was, the dispensation had been obtained under false pretenses because it was said Henry asked for it, when he didnt even know what it was and was only twelve years old. The second was,it stated that it was issued to prevent war between England and Spain but at that time there had been no problems between the two countries. The third was, the dispensation had been granted by Pope Julius II out of his gratitude for two great leaders, Henry VII and Isabella of Castile but they were both dead before the marriage even took place so the validity of the document did not really exist. The fourth was, at the age of fourteen, Henry had protested against the marriage and no one paid any attention to him. Pope made changes in the document Henry sent. This angered Henry because he thought the Pope was being provoked so, he sent troops to protect the Pope and free him from the Emperor. The Pope finally issued a decretal commission that the case could be tried in England. It was sent by Cardinal Campeggio who had been given strict orders not to actually go through with it. Following orders, he caused many delays. During this time, Cardinal Campeggio, along with Cardinal Wolsey mentioned to Henry that maybe Catherine would enter a religious house to spend the rest of her days in peace. If she agreed to this then the divorce proceedings could have been cancelled. Henry liked this idea so he sent Wolsey and Campeggio to talk to her about it. Catherine listened respectively to the cardinals but told them that she would not agree to do that. The brief of the marital dispensation issued by Pope Julius II was brought up from Spain which caused some added problems and delays. On June 15, 1529 the legatine court opened at Blackfriars in London. Henry and Catherine were both called to appear. When Catherine was called into court, she kneeled at Henrys feet and begged of him to have mercy on her. She pleaded with him on how she had been a wonderful wife to him and she did not understand his reasoning to get rid of her as his wife. She meant the things she said to him but she also wanted to show the court that she did not agree with what Henry was trying to accomplish. The legatine court in London was not successful and the proceedings were also called back to Rome. However, the court in Rome was not successful either. No matter how many things that Henry tried to turn around and justify to prove his argument, they did not work. Eventually, Henry went ahead and married Anne Boelyn according to his own opinion without the consent of the pope. Of course, this did not make things any brighter with the Pope or the church heads. On August 8, 1533 Pope Clement VII issued a bull commanding Henry to restore Catherine as his ife and put away Anne in ten days or he would suffer excommunication. If he didnt comply, then the support of Charles V, all other Christian princes, and Henrys own subjects would be called upon to carry out the terms of the bull by force of arms. After this, Henry seperated from the Catholic Church, because it would not allow the divorce, and formed his own church in which he was the head of it. This way he could do whatever he wanted. Henrys great matter had turned into a matter that affected the entire country of England and probably all of Europe.

The Power of Hardys Tess of the dUrbervilles Essay -- Tess of the d

The Power of Tess of the d'Urbervilles      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   "If an offence come out of the truth, better it is that the offence come than the truth be concealed." Thomas Hardy added these words in the introduction to the fifth edition of this novel (Hardy v). He provided this quote from St. Jerome somewhat defensively, in response to the criticism he received for Tess prior to this edition.    Originally printed in serial form in two magazines, this novel underwent bowdlerization in order to be published. As a requirement of the publisher, Hardy changed scenes such as the baby's baptism, Tess's rape, and Alec's murder. The process of changing the novel angered Hardy, but his financial need of publishing the novel outweighed his negative feelings about doing so. This novel finally became published in its entirety in 1891. This novel caused such a controversy that Donald Hall called this novel "a cause" (417). Considered a radical writer, Hardy included the lower social classes and the plight of women, and he wrote about them in a provoking and defiant manner. Scientists, such as Charles Darwin, and social thinkers, such as John Stuart Mill, affected his thoughts and writings. Writers rarely wrote about these subjects in such a way during Victorian times.    The Victorian times and attitudes victimize Tess, despite the fact that she possesses high morals and standards. The aim of this paper is to show how Hardy illustrates this in many ways. Her family, social, and economic background provide the reader with a perspective of living as a poor woman during the Victorian Era. Another avenue Hardy uses to show the unfairness of life for a poor woman during these times is two men who victimize Tess, Angel Clare and Alec d'Urberv... ... You do Talk!': Some Features of Hardy's Dialogue." New Perspectives on Thomas Hardy. Ed. Charles P. C. Pettit. New York: St. Martin's, 1994. 117-36. Claridge, Laura. "Tess: A Less Than Pure Woman Ambivalently Presented." Texas Studies in Literature and Language 28 (1986): 324-38. Hall, Donald. Afterward. Tess of the d'Urbervilles. By Thomas Hardy. New York: Signet, 1980. 417-27. Hardy, Thomas. Tess of the d'Urbervilles. 1891. New York: Signet Classic, 1980. McMurtry, Jo. Victorian Life and Victorian Fiction. Hamden: Shoe String, 1979. Mickelson, Anne Z. Thomas Hardy's Women and Men: The Defeat of Nature. Metuchen: Scarecrow, 1976. Stubbs, Patricia. Women and Fiction. Sussex: Harvester, 1979. Walvin, James. Victorian Values. Athens: UGA Press, 1987. Weissman, Judith. Half Savage and Hardy and Free. Middletown: Wesleyan UP, 1987.   

Frizza †Frozen Pizza Marketing Plan Essay

The current size of pizza market in India is INR 1750 crores and is growing at the rate of 25-30% per year. But there is almost no presence of the frozen pizza in India. Contrasting this to the USA where frozen pizza industry accounts for 13.6% of total USD 40 billion pizza industry. Thus there exists an opportunity to launch a product in this area. In this report, we are trying to achieve the following: market research to gauge consumer behaviour and preferences, followed by Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning for frozen pizza product in India and finally building a marketing strategy to launch it. We started with the Porter’s Five Forces analysis. We found out that Intensity of Industry Competition was low to medium, Availability of Substitutes was low to medium, Potential Entrants were High, Buyer Power was low and Supplier Power was low-medium. This was followed by primary research where we took surveys (online and live). This was supplemented with secondary research to find out the various aspects of consumer behaviour. The core benefits were identified as â€Å"Easy to Cook† and â€Å"Tasty Food†. Generally, the decision makers are the young earning professionals or the earning member of the family/housewife. In case of the housewife, their decisions are normally influenced by their pestering children. We then did market segmentation basis various methods like customer characteristics (geographic, demographic, socio economic, psychographic), buying situation (consumption rate, consumer predispositions), mediagraphics and personas. We decided to target people in age group of more than 23 years of age with earnings of more than 2 lakhs per annum. We thus positioned our product as – To all those who want a comfortable life and who love good & healthy food, Frizza is a unique looking product that lets you enjoy the taste of heaven, saves your time and is there for you – Anytime you want it. The product was named as â€Å"Frizza† with the tagline – â€Å"Anytime Pizza†. We then decided the marketing strategy. Starting with Product decision, we saw that Frizza is differentiated from its competitors like Dominos basis 4 main parameters – (i) Lower price at same taste; (ii) Convenience factor (of using the product anytime rather than just 12 hours during which a restaurant is open); (iii) Square shape rather than circular shape, which would appeal to children and adults alike; (iv) Emotional satisfaction for mothers coming out of the feeling that she has cooked a meal for her children. We then decided various characteristics of the product like toppings, etc. basis results from the survey. Due to many reasons as explained in the report, the pricing came to as 30-40% lower than that of competition like Dominos’s. In terms of the place, we decided to launch the product only in cities given the infrastructural constraints at the beginning. The retail channels were decided as supermarkets, speciality stores and super stores, thus following the selective distribution strategy. Various promotional activities (both ATL and BTL) like television ads, Facebook, newspapers, events, etc. were planned. Finally, financial analysis was done to conclude the breakeven point as 7 quarters. MOTIVATION: The pizza industry in India is mainly divided into 2 formats – dine in and take away. The current size of pizza market in India is INR 1750 crores and is growing at the rate of 25-30% per year. The holding company of the current market leader, i.e. Dominos grew 9 times from INR 155 crores in 2007 to INR 1407 crores in 2013 brining the annual growth rate to an amazing figure of 45%. But there are gaps in the market. First, the pizza stores are limited in number, reach and timing. Thus accessibility is limited. Secondly, although pizzas at lower price points are available, higher end pizzas or pizzas offering variety of toppings cost upward of INR 200 per pizza. Thus, there is scope to use low pricing as a competitive advantage. Hence comes the frozen concept to fulfil the existing gaps. This concept is already prevalent in developed countries. In USA for example, frozen pizza industry accounts for 13.6% of total USD 40 billion pizza industry. As per Frozen food global industry guide from Market Line, sale of frozen pizza & ready meal market globally account for 41.1% of overall frozen food market. Also, Asia-Pacific is the largest market for frozen foods, accounting for 34.3% of global market value, and supermarkets and hypermarkets form the leading distribution channel for frozen food account for 70.2% of the market’s value. OBJECTIVE: In this report, we are trying to achieve the following: market research to gauge consumer behaviour and preferences, followed by Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning for frozen pizza product in India and finally building a marketing strategy to launch it. METHODOLOGY: Primary research: We had two kinds of approach towards primary research. We prepared a comprehensive questionnaire to gauge the demographic, socio-economic & psychographic traits and market reaction towards the existing products and willingness to pay of respondents for the frozen pizza product. We conducted live surveys in the nearby malls (Gopalan Mall and Meenakshi Mall) during peak days (a Sunday and the Independence Day) by distribution of questionnaire among people of different age, gender and income groups for example college goers, mothers, single men, married couples etc. We also collected online responses across diverse geographic and professional groups via social networking sites and emails. Secondary research: We used online resources to study the global frozen pizza markets and potential growth of the same in Indian markets and to gather information about the existing players and their positioning. FINDINGS: 1. Porter’s Five Forces to Understand Industry Competitiveness: Intensity of Industry Competition: Low-Medium ï‚ · Number of firms- There are large no of players in Indian Pizza market. These include the market leader Dominos, Pizza hut, Papa john’s, Pizza corner, Pizza Express, Smoking Joes, Amul and Local Pizza Producers. But there is no popular brand in frozen Pizza other than Amul. ï‚ · Highly concentrated market (Low HHI)- The market is highly concentrated with high HHI of approx 4700.Dominos leads the market with 67% market share with its 600+ stores. Pizza hut is second with around 20% market share and 180 + stores. Others have market share from 2-5% with 20-40 Stores. Share of Amul is very low. ï‚ · Demand Supply mismatch- As per our estimates; there is clearly no supply in the market, although there seems to be strong demand. Availability of Substitutes: Low-Medium ï‚ · Buyer propensity to substitute –Though overall competition is high, Competitors in the frozen pizza market segment are low; therefore buyer propensity to substitute is very low. ï‚ · Product differentiation & Pricing- The products offered by most of the Pizza producers are similar and there is no differentiation in product currently. The number of products available at comparatively lower prices is less. Potential Entrants: High ï‚ · Attractive Market-Indian quick service restaurant industry is estimated to be 6000 Cr and is expected to reach 18000 Cr by 2018. The pizza industry is expected to grow at a CAGR 25-28%. ï‚ · Low Entry Barriers and low exit barriers- The capital requirement is comparable to other product providers in the market and is not massive in any way. Even the exit barriers are less. ï‚ · Big brands-Big global brands like Papa Murphy, Little Caesers are not in India yet and there is potential threat of them Entering India. McCain though not in frozen Pizzas, may enter in the future. Buyer Power: Low ï‚ · Uniqueness- Frozen Pizza is still a unique concept in India and the firms providing it are also less. ï‚ · Large no. of buyers –The large no of Buyers with very few suppliers of frozen Pizza, decreases the bargaining power of buyer. ï‚ · Switching cost- The current pricing structure of big brands which is very similar also decreases the power of consumers, forcing them to buy from the available options. Supplier Power: Low-Medium ï‚ · Material Suppliers- There is large number of suppliers for ingredients like flour, vegetables, etc. The suppliers for Cheese and imported vegetables are less and so they have more power. ï‚ · In-house technology-The technology used by most of the Pizza Manufacturer is in-house, which reduces supplier’s negotiation power. Amul Frozen Pizza: Foreseeing the growth of the frozen food market in India, Amul launched frozen pizza in 2001 in Gujarat. It planned to introduce the product all over India through its already existing channel. But it failed to capture the market and had to close the product category soon. It could not adapt to the changes that the Indian quick restaurant and the Pizza market were undergoing in that period. The pricing of Amul Pizza was Rs 45 for a small Pizza which was very high at that time. Also, the product was not positioned well in the market and proper segmentation was not done. But recently, Amul has re-launched its frozen pizza product. 2. Consumer Behaviour: Primary market research: We received 161 responses (43 offline & 118 online responses) for our survey. The survey data was then filtered based on our target segment (discussed later) – Employed/Earning member of the family in the age group of 24-41 with more than 2 lakh/annum salary of household. Thus, 83 of our respondents fell under our target market. Core values & Benefits sought by the consumers: Based on our survey, we came to know that, 27% consumers take pizza, whenever they feel ‘Too lazy to cook’, and 40% take pizza for ‘Lunch or Dinner’. The core benefits thus are â€Å"Easy to Cook† and â€Å"Tasty Food†. Hence our product must be designed to satisfy these core benefits. In addition to this, following are the results for various factors as rated by the respondents. These are on a scale of 1 to 5 with 1 as least important and 5 as most important. Decision Making Unit: Based on our primary market research, it is evident that 55% of our customers who are in the age group of 24-41 are variety-lovers and they used to try latest trends & products. Generally, the earning member of the family or the housewife makes the purchase decision. But their decisions are normally influenced by their pestering children. Decision Making: The taste and variety of the food forms the basic evaluation criteria for the purchase decision. Majority of the respondents are passive in information search. And, out of various medium of information, people preferred to spend time on TV and the list is followed by the social networking sites. 3. Segmentation, Targeting, Positioning: Segmentation: Market research results helped in identifying the market segments. We will use below three broad bases on which we will identify our target market. (a) Based on Customer Characteristic: Geographic: We expect large no. of customers to come mainly from metro cities in India. Based on our survey, we see less familiarity with the frozen pizza product in Bangalore despite it being one of the biggest cities in India. We expect the situation to be much worse in smaller cities. Ever had Frozen Pizza before? Disinterested Demographic: The general market segment can be divided in younger generation with an age group between 12-23 years, Mid-age working people who can spend money on high quality frozen pizzas with their high disposable income and 35+ women mothers who make the Pizza purchase decision for their kids. Socioeconomic: We can target SEC middle segment of B2&C along with upper segment of A2&B1. Psychographic: Based on VALS framework, we have identified 3 major segments (out of 8) as following: ï‚ · Strivers – They are resource constrained people with high elasticity of demand, who like variety in general and would be keen to try new products offered at an attractive price. ï‚ · Achievers – This segment has goal-oriented people with a deep commitment to career. They are looking for timesaving alternatives in marketplace. ï‚ · Believers – They are conservative, conventional people with established routine and exhibit high brand loyalty. They are predictable and favor familiar brands. (b) Based on Buying Situation: Consumption Behavior/Usage Rate: Through the survey we identified people with varying consumption frequency of pizza from weekly to monthly. The typical 80/20 rule where 80% of firms sales are obtained from 20% of customers, doesn’t apply in our context. Consumer Predispositions/Product knowledge & Attitude: Some of the non-earning teenagers show willingness to pay a higher price and ability to afford high discretionary expenses. There is another segment with an indifferent attitude towards the product. (c) Based on Mediagraphics: It is a new term in marketing literature describing media viewing habits of customers. It helps identify type of promotional media consumer prefers. (TV, radio, internet etc.) SOCIAL NETWORKING (d) Personas: Basis the above inputs, we made the following personasAnjali (16): College-going student who lives with her parents and spends most of the time with her college friends. She has a large circle of girl friends with a very busy social life. She doesn’t have a strong brand loyalty and currently consumes pizza from all available major brands by taking turns. She is also very active on social networking sites. Rahul (27): Rahul is an unmarried IT engineer. His work life is very hectic and often eats out or gets food delivered at home. He lives in an apartment and is earning reasonably well. He spends lot of time on Internet but doesn’t have a very busy social life, virtual or otherwise. He is bit health conscious and when it comes about Pizza, he largely sticks with Dominos as his preferred brand. He likes their speedy delivery and ease of ordering. Mrs. Bhargav (40): Mrs. Bhargav is a working mother who has a 9 to 5 job. She has two kids less than 10 years of age. She earns well for herself and often buys pizza for her kids depending as and when they insist. She doesn’t use Internet match but follows some TV programs very closely. Because of her workload, she often gets tired after coming back from office and doesn’t like idea of home cooked fullfledged meal every day. Targeting: Criteria while picking target segmentCriteria

The Ideal Vacation Getaway Essay

When thinking of vacations, thousands of destinations storm the brain. Many do not rank their top vacation destinations, but the ideal vacation destination is one almost all are familiar with, the Bahamas. The ideal vacation would be a trip to the Bahamas, alone. One may think to themselves, why the Bahamas? The Bahamas is the perfect vacation getaway with many exclusive attractions, to name just one, the amazing beaches. The Bahamas have world renowned beaches. The beaches have the clearest waters on Earth, not to mention the cleanest. While at the beaches one can enjoy jet skiing on the crystal clear waters in the blazing hot weather. After a long day at the beach, visitors can enjoy the toothsome and mouth watering traditional food during their stay in the Bahamas. It is said that food in Bahamas is never bland, especially entrees like Rock Lobster, is a favourite among visitors. One can enjoy the special soup Sousse as a great appetizer, containing oxtail and chicken. Read more: Dream vacations essay The Bahamas specialize in coconut based desserts such as coconut tarts, cakes, puddings, pies. custards and even special ice cream. These desserts are very popular amongst visitors and natives of the land. Lastly, one should voyage on this trip to the Bahamas alone. Having family along is no problem, but when one is alone they will meet new people, create new memories and make new friends. Going alone to the Bahamas would mean leaving ones stressful life behind and forget about the worries back home. The visitor would truly enjoy the experience of not having to worry about anyone but themselves on their trip. In conclusion, the world renown beaches, traditional food and opportunity to travel alone are just a few of the reasons why a trip to the Bahamas would be ideal. One would have to experience firsthand to uncover what else the Bahamas has in store for them.

Free Essays on The Problem Child

Positive Expectations are statements that parents make to their child about what is appropriate behavior. The goal of this tool to is to teach children what parents want, not what they don't want. For example, telling children that dirty clothes belong in the laundry basket is more effective than telling children to stop leaving their clothes on the floor. Telling a child that feet belong on the floor is easier for a child to understand than telling them to take their feet off the table. State what you want, not what you don't want. This tool increases cooperation and ensures that parents are communicating in a way that children can understand. Coping with a problem child can be very difficult for the parent. In order for the child to overcome his misbehavior, I have come up with a two-week plan to insure that he or she will learn and adapt to their new environment. When you notice rebelliousness, first give a reminder about what they are doing wrong. Remember to make direct eye contact. This simple strategy will work most of the time. Begin to think of an effective consequence if the reminder doesn't work. An effective consequence is 1) clear and specific; 2) logically related to the misbehavior; 3) time-limited; 4) varied. Continued misbehavior requires a warning of the consequence or even an effective punishment. The punishment should not be aggressive or threatening. It should be thoroughly explained for why the punishment is being given. When speaking with the child about their inappropriate behavior, move closer to the child than normal conversational distance and make direct and prolonged eye contact. Be very specific about your expectation and the time frame for compliance. Tell him exactly what the consequence of noncompliance will be. Walk away and give him the opportunity to comply. If the warning doesn't work, send the child to his room while you both cool off. Ignore arguing, whining or expressions of anger. After a... Free Essays on The Problem Child Free Essays on The Problem Child Positive Expectations are statements that parents make to their child about what is appropriate behavior. The goal of this tool to is to teach children what parents want, not what they don't want. For example, telling children that dirty clothes belong in the laundry basket is more effective than telling children to stop leaving their clothes on the floor. Telling a child that feet belong on the floor is easier for a child to understand than telling them to take their feet off the table. State what you want, not what you don't want. This tool increases cooperation and ensures that parents are communicating in a way that children can understand. Coping with a problem child can be very difficult for the parent. In order for the child to overcome his misbehavior, I have come up with a two-week plan to insure that he or she will learn and adapt to their new environment. When you notice rebelliousness, first give a reminder about what they are doing wrong. Remember to make direct eye contact. This simple strategy will work most of the time. Begin to think of an effective consequence if the reminder doesn't work. An effective consequence is 1) clear and specific; 2) logically related to the misbehavior; 3) time-limited; 4) varied. Continued misbehavior requires a warning of the consequence or even an effective punishment. The punishment should not be aggressive or threatening. It should be thoroughly explained for why the punishment is being given. When speaking with the child about their inappropriate behavior, move closer to the child than normal conversational distance and make direct and prolonged eye contact. Be very specific about your expectation and the time frame for compliance. Tell him exactly what the consequence of noncompliance will be. Walk away and give him the opportunity to comply. If the warning doesn't work, send the child to his room while you both cool off. Ignore arguing, whining or expressions of anger. After a...

USS Hancock (CV-19) in World War II

USS Hancock (CV-19) in World War II USS Hancock (CV-19) - Overview: Nation: United States Type: Aircraft Carrier Shipyard: Fore River Shipyard Laid Down: January 26, 1943 Launched: January 24, 1944 Commissioned: April 15, 1944 Fate: Sold for scrap, September 1, 1976 USS Hancock (CV-19) - Specifications Displacement: 27,100 tons Length: 888 ft. Beam: 93 ft. Draft: 28 ft., 7 in. Propulsion: 8 Ãâ€" boilers, 4 Ãâ€" Westinghouse geared steam turbines, 4 Ãâ€" shafts Speed: 33 knots Complement: 3,448 men USS Hancock (CV-19) - Armament 4 Ãâ€" twin 5 inch 38 caliber guns4 Ãâ€" single 5 inch 38 caliber guns8 Ãâ€" quadruple 40 mm 56 caliber guns46 Ãâ€" single 20 mm 78 caliber guns Aircraft 90-100 aircraft USS Hancock - Design Construction: Designed in the 1920s and early 1930s, the US Navys Lexington- and Yorktown-class aircraft carriers were planned to meet to the restrictions set forth by the Washington Naval Treaty. This agreement placed limitations on the tonnage of various types of warships as well as capped each signatorys total tonnage. These types of restrictions were reaffirmed in the 1930 London Naval Treaty. As global tensions rose, Japan and Italy departed the treaty structure in 1936. With the collapse of the system, the US Navy began developing a new, larger type of aircraft carrier and one which drew from experience gleaned from the Yorktown-class. The resulting type was longer and wider as well as possessed a deck-edge elevator. This had been employed earlier on USS Wasp (CV-7). In addition to carrying a greater number of aircraft, the new design mounted an enlarged anti-aircraft armament. Designated the Essex-class, the lead ship, USS Essex (CV-9), was laid down in April 1941. This was followed by several additional vessels including USS Ticonderoga (CV-19) which was laid down at Bethlehem Steel in Quincy, MA on January 26, 1943.   On May 1, the name of the carrier was changed to Hancock following a successful war bond drive conducted by John Hancock Insurance.   As a result, the name Ticonderoga was transferred to CV-14 then under construction at Newport News, VA.   Construction progressed over the next year and on January 24, 1944, Hancock slid down the ways with Juanita Gabriel-Ramsey, wife of Chief of the Bureau of Aeronautics Rear Admiral DeWitt Ramsey, serving as sponsor.   With World War II raging, workers pushed to complete the carrier and it entered commission on April 15, 1944, with Captain Fred C. Dickey in command. USS Hancock - World War II: Completing trials and shake-down operations in the Caribbean later that spring, Hancock departed for service in the Pacific on July 31.   Passing through Pearl Harbor, the carrier joined Admiral William Bull Halseys 3rd Fleet at Ulithi on October 5.   Assigned to Vice Admiral Marc A. Mitschers Task Force 38 (Fast Carrier Task Force), Hancock took part in raids against the Ryukyus, Formosa, and the Philippines.   Successful in these efforts, the carrier, sailing as part of Vice Admiral John McCains Task Group 38.1, retired towards Ulithi on October 19 as General Douglas MacArthurs forces were landing on Leyte.   Four days later, as the Battle of Leyte Gulf was commencing, McCains carriers were recalled by Halsey.   Returning to the area, Hancock and its consorts launched attacks against the Japanese as they departed the area via the San Bernardino Strait on October 25. Remaining in the Philippines, Hancock struck targets around the archipelago and became flagship of the Fast Carrier Task Force on November 17.   After replenishing at Ulithi in late November, the carrier returned to operations in the Philippines and in December rode out Typhoon Cobra.   The following month, Hancock attacked targets on Luzon before raiding through the South China Sea with strikes against Formosa and Indochina.   On January 21, tragedy struck when an aircraft exploded near the carriers island killing 50 and injuring 75.   Despite this incident, operations were not curtailed and attacks were launched against Okinawa the next day. In February, the Fast Carrier Task Force launched strikes on the Japanese home islands before turning south to support the invasion of Iwo Jima.   Taking station off the island, Hancocks air group provided tactical support to troops ashore until February 22.   Returning north, American carriers continued their raids on Honshu and Kyushu.   During these operations, Hancock repelled a kamikaze attack on March 20.   Steaming south later in the month, it provided cover and support for the invasion of Okinawa.   While executing this mission on April 7, Hancock sustained a kamikaze hit that caused a large explosion and killed 62 and wounded 71.   Though remaining in action, it received orders to depart for Pearl Harbor two days later for repairs.    Resuming combat operations on June 13, Hancock attacked Wake Island before rejoining American carriers for raids on Japan.   Hancock continued these operations until notification of the Japanese surrender on August 15.   On September 2, the carriers planes flew over Tokyo Bay as the Japanese formally surrendered aboard USS Missouri (BB-63).   Departing Japanese waters on September 30, Hancock embarked passengers at Okinawa before sailing for San Pedro, CA.   Arriving in late October, the carrier was fitted out for use in Operation Magic Carpet.   Over the next six months, Hancock saw duty returning American servicemen and equipment from overseas.   Ordered to Seattle, Hancock arrived there on April 29, 1946 and prepared to move into the reserve fleet at Bremerton. USS Hancock (CV-19) - Modernization: On December 15, 1951, Hancock departed the reserve fleet to undergo a SCB-27C modernization.   This saw the installation of steam catapults and other equipment to allow it to operate the US Navys newest jet aircraft.   Recommissioned February 15, 1954, Hancock operated off the West Coast and tested a variety of new jet and missile technologies.   In March 1956, it entered the yard in San Diego for a SCB-125 upgrade.   This saw the addition of an angled flight deck, enclosed hurricane bow, optical landing system, and other technological enhancements.   Rejoining the fleet that November, Hancock deployed for the first of several Far East assignments in April 1957.   The following year, it formed part of an American force sent to protect Quemoy and Matsu when the islands were threatened by the Communist Chinese.   A stalwart of the 7th Fleet, Hancock took part in the Communication Moon Relay project in February 1960 which saw US Navy engineers experiment with reflecting ultra high frequency waves off the Moon.   Overhauled in March 1961, Hancock returned to the South China Sea the following year as tensions mounted in Southeast Asia.   After further cruises in the Far East, the carrier entered Hunters Point Naval Shipyard in January 1964 for a major overhaul.   Completed a few months later, Hancock briefly operated along the West Coast before sailing for the Far East on October 21.   Reaching Japan in November, it then assumed a position at Yankee Station off the Vietnamese coast where it largely remained until early spring 1965. USS Hancock (CV-19) - Vietnam War: With the US escalation of the Vietnam War, Hancock returned to Yankee Station that December and commenced launching strikes against North Vietnamese targets.   With the exception of brief respites in nearby ports, it remained on station into July.   The carriers efforts during this period earned it the Navy Unit Commendation.   Returning to Alameda, CA in August, Hancock stayed in home waters through fall before departing for Vietnam in early 1967.   On station until July, it again returned to the West Coast where it remained for much of the next year.   After this pause in combat operations, Hancock resumed attacks over Vietnam in July 1968.   Subsequent assignments to Vietnam occurred in 1969/70, 1970/71, and 1972.   During the 1972 deployment, Hancocks aircraft helped slow the North Vietnamese Easter Offensive.   With the US departure from the conflict, Hancock resumed peacetime activities.   In March 1975, with the fall of Saigon looming, the carriers air group was offloaded at Pearl Harbor and replaced by Marine Heavy Lift Helicopter Squadron HMH-463.   Sent back to Vietnamese waters, it served as a platform for the evacuation of Phnom Penh and Saigon in April.   Completing these duties, the carrier returned home.   An aging ship, Hancock was decommissioned on January 30, 1976.   Stricken from the Navy List, it was sold for scrap on September 1.   Selected Sources DANFS: USS Hancock (CV-19)USS Hancock AssociationNavSource: USS Hancock (CV-19)

The affects of children raised by homosexual parents Research Paper

The affects of children raised by homosexual parents - Research Paper Example This is because many cultures do not view the homosexual lifestyle as ethical and thus feel that children who are adopted by homosexual parents are likely to be subjected to abuses of different kinds. The principle argument against gay parenting is focused on the assertion that marriage is principally a dual-gendered institution which has the ability to naturally procreate. Marriage is the sole institution that is tasked with producing human capital for the coming generations. Same-sex parents cannot naturally produce children. This is an obvious indication; according to many opponents of gay parenting those children who are adopted by same sex parents are likely to suffer emotionally and physically, in some cases. This will happen because gay parents do not have the skills necessary to bring up well adjusted children who will benefit humankind. Statistics According to Regnerus (2012) more same sex couples are able to adopt children today than was the case in the past Owing to the ra tification of laws, mainly in developed nations, which recognize the rights of same sex parents. In America alone, it is estimated that 65, 500 children have been adopted into same sex unions. California has the largest number of same sex couples (16, 000) who have adopted children. According to Brodzinsky and Evan B. Donaldson Adoption Institute (2011) foreign born adopted children are more likely to end up in same sex unions than American children. The Development of Children raised by Homosexual Parents Identity There are many studies that have been conducted on the issues and concerns that face children who are raised by homosexual parents. From these studies, it is evident that the most important factor has to do with identity. According to Wainright, Russell and Patterson (2004) children raised by homosexual parents, particularly if they were adopted and not the result of artificial insemination, tend to have more emotional challenges than those raised by heterosexual parents. While there are larger percentages of emotional disturbances among people with homosexual lifestyles, and this inadvertently affects any children they adopt, the main cause of turmoil in their children is likely to be Owing to identity issues, according to (Wainright, Russell and Patterson, 2004). Any adopted child requires a family with a mother and father more than children who were not adopted. The child will innately desire to identify with an institution that basically reflects the two people that gave him or her life. Being adopted by homosexual parents can result in more trauma other than that of abandonment because the child also has to deal with the incident of being in a family that is unlike that of his original parents. As far as the child can see, he or she has no has no biological chain. An adopted child already suffers from the wound of abandonment. Being put in a home with homosexual parents adds the responsibility of the child being forced to adapt to the affective life style choices of the adoptive parents. Any child who is given to national organizations for adoptive purposes has been separated from his or her primary caregiver- his mother. This, alone, could result in the incidence of attachment disorders. The attachment to a singular maternal individual in the first eight months of life is vital in the psychological development of any human being. Bringing up a